Algae Defy Darwin

Bradley Cardinale In The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin presented nature as a constant struggle, often coined as the “war of nature” or the “survival of the fittest.” As one dominates and eliminates others through a continuous process of competition and change, Darwin argued, “extinction and natural selection go hand in hand.” Recent freshwater studies, however, on algae defy Darwin.

Bradley Cardinale (pictured left) of the University of Michigan headed a research team to perform experiments on 60 species of freshwater green algae and their effect on environmental conservation. According to Marlene Cimons of the National Science Foundation, unexpectedly, the evidence  “failed to support Darwin’s theory.”

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Ant Instincts

Ant Hill Charles Darwin wrestled to understand the interplay between instincts and natural selection. By observing ants, he hoped to connect the two. In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued –

“We shall, perhaps, best understand how instincts in a state of nature have become modified by selection by considering… the slave-making instinct of certain ants.”

Ant instincts have emerged as a problem for Darwin, however, along with his other major issue, transitional links. As Darwin explains in his introduction to The Origin of Species

“The most apparent and gravest difficulties on the theory… namely, first, the difficulties of transitions… [and], secondly, the subject of Instinct.”

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