Mutation + Selection = Stasis

Mutation Selection StasisThe genetic mutation plus natural selection equation emerged as the most popular theory of biological evolution during the twentieth century. With advances in biotechnology, however, the credibility of this theory – popularly known as neo-Darwinism or the Modern Synthesis theory – has since been increasingly challenged by evolutionary scientists.

In an experimental evolution model using the yeast microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, a recent study published in the journal Science by a Harvard research group undermines the theory of genetic mutations plus natural selection equals evolution. The model demonstrates stasis – not evolution.

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Smithsonian Evolution Storytelling

Taung Child S AfricaNew high-resolution CT scans of the Taung Child skull (pictured left) by an international research team led by Ralph L. Holloway of Columbia University in New York casts renewed questions into the inane Smithsonian evolution storytelling practices of the institute.

Discovered in 1924 in South Africa, models of the skull have long since been duplicated for natural history museums as evidence for human evolution worldwide, including the Smithsonian. Found near Taung, South Africa, the lynchpin skull was tagged with the common name of Taung Child because of the fossil’s estimated age of 3 years, then later named Australopithecus africanus meaning the “southern ape from Africa.” Hollow’s new high-resolution CT scan images, however, undermine the long-held pre-Homo fossil status of the skull.

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Conflicting Conclusions on Speciation

Songbird II Two new research studies arrive at conflicting conclusions on speciation, one on Himalayan songbirds and one on Brazilian ants. The songbird research study was published in the prestigious British journal Nature while the ant research study was published in the American journal Current Biology.

The songbird study was led by Trevor D. Price of the University of Chicago, and the Brazilian ant study was led by Christian Rabeling of the University of Rochester, both highly respected international teams.

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Fired Over Dinosaur Discovery

Triceratops horridus dinosaurMark Armitage, supervisor of a laboratory, and widely published scientist of more than 30 years, was fired over dinosaur discovery by California State University of Northridge (CSUN) after publishing evidence of soft tissue extracted from a dinosaur fossil in a peer-reviewed journal.

Why did CSUN fire the scientist? Because the evidence undermines the long-standing dogma of the evolution industry. The dinosaur soft tissue, according to the prevailing dogma, should have died at least 60 million years ago. “This find cannot agree with an old earth,” an astute Examiner reporter explains:

“Even an old-earth creationist couldn’t explain it. But a young-earth creationist can.”

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Meaning of Species

SpeciesGreek philosophers are thought to be the first to classify animals and plants, each class having similar attributes. While the story behind the term species (Greek εἶδος) began with Plato, defining the meaning of species continues to be controversial.

Building on Plato, Aristotle used genus (γένος) and species as philosophical categories. A genus was a category, and a species was a subcategory of a genus. At the time, the two terms were just as often applied to inanimate things as to living ones. The term continues looking for its definition.

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Evolution at an Impasse

WebTwo opposing theories of evolution have emerged into a new impasse – “survival of the fittest” versus symbiosis. As Charles Darwin explained in The Origin of Species (1859), evolution results from competition between species.

On the opposing side, evolution is thought to result from some altruistic cooperation between the species − a process of symbiosis. Darwin proposed that evolution stems from “accumulating slight, successive” changes during the “struggle for life” − a process he called natural selection.

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War Over Natural Selection

Patrick Matthew

The war over natural selection continues. Not only did Charles Darwin (1812-1882) plagiarize Patrick Matthew’s (1790-1874) (pictured left) work but evolutionary scientists are increasingly critical of the theory. Mike Sutton, a criminology expert at Nottingham Trent University, spent years cross-referencing the works of Darwin alongside those of Matthew. According to Sutton,

“I have no doubt, based on the weight of new evidence, that Darwin did read Matthew’s book and then went on to replicate his discovery and key themes.”

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Algae Defy Darwin

Bradley Cardinale In The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin presented nature as a constant struggle, often coined as the “war of nature” or the “survival of the fittest.” As one dominates and eliminates others through a continuous process of competition and change, Darwin argued, “extinction and natural selection go hand in hand.” Recent freshwater studies, however, on algae defy Darwin.

Bradley Cardinale (pictured left) of the University of Michigan headed a research team to perform experiments on 60 species of freshwater green algae and their effect on environmental conservation. According to Marlene Cimons of the National Science Foundation, unexpectedly, the evidence  “failed to support Darwin’s theory.”

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